Basic information about Subnetting and it process

What is subnetting ?

A subnetwork, or subnet, is a logically visible, distinctly addressed part of a single Internet Protocol network. The process of subdividing a Class A, B, or C network and into smaller portions called subnets. In other word, it also describe as portions of a network diagram that branch off the project and are not on the critical path.

Reason of subnetting

There are two main reasons for subnetting.

1. It allows you to use IP address ranges more effectively.
2. It increased security and manageability to IP networking by providing a mechanism to create multiple networks rather than having just one

Private Address Ranges

To provide flexibility in addressing and to prevent an incorrectly configured network from polluting the Internet, certain address ranges are set aside for private use. These address ranges are called private ranges because they are designated for use only on private networks. These addresses are special because Internet routers are configured to ignore any packets they see that use these addresses. This means that if a private network "leaks" onto the Internet, it won't make it any farther than the first router it encounters.

IP Subnetting process

In performing the process of subnetting, there are 4 main process that need to be done. The process is describe below :-

1. Determining how many subnet required?
2. determine number of host per subnet?
3. what is the valid host
4. Broadcast address for each subnet

Below are the example give in performing the process of subnetting.

Question 1: show the process of subnetting for 62 Host.

Answer: In this question, it required the user to create the subnetting process for 62 host. Below are the detail process of subnetting.

1. Determine how many subnet required

11000000

62 host required means 2^6 = 64

Subnet Network : 2^2 = 4

11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000

255.255.255.192 (128+64)

192.168.1.0/26 (8+8+8+2)

2. Calculating host per subnet

Formula 2^n-2

: 2^6-2 = 64-2

= 62

3. Valid Host

1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512

Valid host : 256-192 = 64

= 64, 128,192

0+1 64-2

1 62

62+1=63

First Host : 1 Last Host: 62 Broadcast: 63

Overall range host calculation

R1. R2. R3. R4.

0(+1), 64(-2), 128, 192

1, 65, 129, 193

62, 126, 190

63, 127, 191

R1:1-62

R2:65-126

R3:129-190

IP Address given: 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.62

192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.126

192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.190

5. Broadcast Ip : 63, 127, 191